01 Atomic Structure, Set B To print: Ctrl + P, paper A4, margins Default.
Learners' AlleyDesigned by Khow Willard
01
Atomic Structure
Set BExam practice
Name
Time 1 hour
Total 34 marks
A Data Booklet may be used.
A
Multiple choice
3 marks
1
An element can be a semiconductor if
•one of its electronic levels is fully occupied (such as an s subshell), and•the level just above it is only slightly higher in energy, and is empty or partly filled (such as a p subshell).
On this basis, which elements are expected to be semiconductors?
131Ga234Se355Cs
A1 only
B1 and 2 only
C2 and 3 only
D1, 2 and 3
Answer [1]
Source: 2018 HCI J1 Promo P1 Q2
2
Which statement about the orbitals in a krypton atom is correct?
AThe 1s and 2s orbitals have the same energy but are different in size.
BAll 3d orbitals have the same shape.
CThe 3d subshell has five orbitals of the same energy in an isolated atom.
DThe second principal quantum shell (n = 2) has two subshells and three orbitals.
Nuclear theories predict that nuclei with these numbers of protons, or of neutrons, are especially stable: 2, 8, 20, 28, 50, 82, 126. The most stable nuclei have one of these numbers of protons and one of these numbers of neutrons.
Which isotope is the most stable?
A2He
B8Be
C40Ca
D210Pb
Answer [1]
Source: 2022 HCI J1 Promo P1 Q1
B
Structured questions
31 marks
4
The deuteron is the nucleus of deuterium, 21D.
(a)
Compare and account for the behaviour of protons, hydrogen atoms and deuterons in an electric field.
[2]
(b)
Suggest a value for the enthalpy change to form 1 mol of deuterons from deuterium atoms. Explain your answer.
[2]
Source: 2024 RVHS J2 Prelim P2 Q1(a)
5
CommonParticles travelling at the same speed through an electric field of constant strength are deflected through an angle proportional to their charge to mass ratio. In one set-up, protons are deflected through +15°.
(a)
Calculate the angle of deflection of 4He2+ under the same conditions.
[1]
(b)
A beam of particles A, each with 12 times the mass of a proton, is deflected through +5° under the same conditions. Suggest the overall charge on a particle of A.
[1]
(c)
A particle of A contains 6 protons. Deduce the number of neutrons and of electrons in a particle of A.
[2]
Source: 2022 JPJC J1 Year End P2 Q1(a)(iii) to (v)
6
CommonElement A is in Period 4. Its first eight ionisation energies, in kJ mol−1, are
947 1798 2735 4837 6043 12 310 14 300 16 800
(a)
Identify element A and explain your answer.
[2]
(b)
Explain the difference between the first ionisation energy of A and that of the element to its right in the Periodic Table.
[2]
Source: 2024 NJC J2 Prelim P2 Q1(a)
7
(a)
Write the full electronic configuration of an aluminium atom.
[1]
(b)
Write an equation to show the third ionisation energy of aluminium.
[1]
(c)
CommonExplain why the third ionisation energy of aluminium is greater than the first ionisation energy of sodium.
[2]
Source: 2024 VJC J2 Prelim P2 Q1(b)
8
Iron, copper and zinc are in Period 4 of the Periodic Table.
(a)
Complete the electronic configurations of Cu+ and Zn+.
With reference to your answer to (a), suggest why the second ionisation energy of copper is higher than that of zinc.
[2]
Source: 2022 HCI J1 Promo P2 Q1(b)
9
(a)
CommonExplain what is meant by the term first ionisation energy.
[1]
(b)
Use your knowledge of the first ionisation energies of the Period 3 elements to predict and explain how the first ionisation energies of bromine and krypton compare.
[2]
Source: 2024 HCI J2 Prelim P2 Q1(b), adapted
10
The graph below shows a sketch of the logarithm of the first eight ionisation energies, log(IE), of element A in Period 3. Deduce the identity of element A.
[2]
Source: 2021 RVHS J1 Common Test P2 Section A Q1(c)
11
Draw labelled diagrams of the dxy and dx²−y² orbitals on separate axes.
[1]
Source: 2023 RI J2 Prelim P3 QA2(c)(i)
12
ChallengeSulfur in volcanic gases is mainly a mixture of the isotopes 32S and 34S. A sample enriched in 32S comes from deep mantle degassing (gas released from magma deep in the Earth's mantle), while a sample enriched in 34S comes from recycled hydrothermal sources.
(a)
1.994 g of SO2 collected at a volcano gave 1.00 g of sulfur, a mixture of 32S and 34S. Calculate the percentage by mass of 32S in the sulfur. Use relative isotopic masses of 32 and 34, and Ar(O) = 16.
[3]
(b)
Hence suggest the likely origin of the sulfur sample.
[1]
(c)
Naturally occurring sulfur has the isotopic composition below. Calculate the Ar of sulfur to two decimal places.