In which species does nitrogen have an oxidation state of +3?
Learners' Alley, Redox Chemistry slides
Which reaction is not a redox reaction?
Learners' Alley, Redox Chemistry slides
A colourless gas turns a filter paper spotted with aqueous potassium iodide yellow-brown. What can be deduced?
Learners' Alley, Redox Chemistry slides
Which reaction is a disproportionation?
Learners' Alley, Redox Chemistry slides
How many moles of MnO4− react with 1.0 × 10−3 mol of Fe2+ in acid?
Learners' Alley, Redox Chemistry slides
Sodium burns in chlorine: 2Na + Cl2 → 2NaCl.
Learners' Alley, Redox Chemistry slides
Learners' Alley, Redox Chemistry slides
Find the oxidation state of
Learners' Alley, Redox Chemistry slides
Which of these are redox reactions? Explain using oxidation states.
Learners' Alley, Redox Chemistry slides
Sulfur dioxide decolourises acidified potassium manganate(VII) and turns acidified potassium dichromate(VI) green.
Learners' Alley, Redox Chemistry slides
Learners' Alley, Redox Chemistry slides
Learners' Alley, Redox Chemistry slides
Learners' Alley, Redox Chemistry slides
Learners' Alley, Redox Chemistry slides
Learners' Alley, Redox Chemistry slides
Learners' Alley, Redox Chemistry slides
Which formula contains nitrogen with an oxidation state of +5?
2023 XMS O Prelim P1 Q28
In which substance does the nitrogen atom have the same oxidation state as the nitrogen atom in HNO2?
2024 Woodlands O Prelim P1 Q19
Which oxidation state of the underlined element is correct?
| substance | oxidation state | |
|---|---|---|
| A | HNO3 | +3 |
| B | CaSO4 | +6 |
| C | FeO | −3 |
| D | NaHCO3 | +3 |
2024 Zhonghua O Prelim P1 Q21
In which substance does the sulfur atom have the same oxidation number as the sulfur atom in SO2?
2024 CHIJ O Prelim P1 Q22
The oxide of titanium, TiO2, is used as a ‘whitener’ in toothpaste. It is obtained from the ore iron(II) titanate, FeTiO3. What is the change in the oxidation number of titanium from FeTiO3 to TiO2?
2022 SJI O Prelim P1 Q24
In which reaction does the oxidation state of iron remain unchanged?
2024 AMKSS O Prelim P1 Q21
Which method of preparation of magnesium sulfate is an example of a redox reaction?
2024 ANDSS O Prelim P1 Q17
Which reaction is not a redox reaction?
2024 SCSS O Prelim P1 Q20
Iron(II) chloride solution reacts with chlorine gas: 2FeCl2(aq) + Cl2(g) → 2FeCl3(aq). Which statements about this reaction are correct?
1 Fe2+ ions are reduced to Fe3+ ions.
2 Chlorine acts as a reducing agent.
3 Fe2+ ions each lose an electron.
4 Cl2 molecules are reduced to Cl− ions.
2024 Zhenghua O Prelim P1-P3 Q24
The reaction between copper and concentrated nitric acid is shown: Cu + 4HNO3 → Cu(NO3)2 + 2H2O + 2NO2. Which statement about this reaction is correct?
2025 MSHS O Prelim P1 Q15
Acidified potassium manganate(VII) can be used to detect ethanol vapour in the breath of a person who has drunk alcohol. The acidified potassium manganate(VII) turned from purple to colourless in the presence of ethanol vapour. Which explanation is correct?
2024 PLMGSS O Prelim P1 Q26
The equation for the reaction between sodium sulfite and potassium manganate(VII) is shown: 2MnO4− + 6H+ + 5SO32− → 2Mn2+ + 3H2O + 5SO42−. Which ion is reduced and what is the reducing agent?
| ion that is reduced | reducing agent | |
|---|---|---|
| A | MnO4− | H+ |
| B | MnO4− | SO32− |
| C | SO32− | H+ |
| D | SO32− | MnO4− |
2025 JYSS O Prelim P1 Q23
Colour changes are often seen when redox reactions occur. Which colour change is due to the reduction of the underlined reagent?
2024 NASS O Prelim P1-P2 Q25
When chlorine gas dissolves in water a reaction occurs: Cl2 + H2O → HCl + HClO. Which row shows the oxidation number of chlorine in the chlorine-containing species?
| Cl2 | HCl | HClO | |
|---|---|---|---|
| A | −1 | −1 | −1 |
| B | 0 | −1 | −1 |
| C | −1 | +1 | +1 |
| D | 0 | −1 | +1 |
2024 USS O Prelim P2 Q28
Disproportionation is a reaction in which the same element is both oxidised and reduced. Which reaction is an example of disproportionation?
2024 Bukit View O Prelim P1 Q24
Substance X, which is not brown, was bubbled into a solution containing sodium iodide and sodium chloride. The solution turned brown. Which statements can be deduced about substance X?
1 Substance X is an oxidising agent.
2 Substance X must be bromine gas.
3 The iodide in the solution was reduced to aqueous iodine.
2023 XMS O Prelim P1 Q25
Some statements about acids are given below.
I pH is a measure of the H+ concentration in a solution.
II The strength of an acid depends on its concentration.
III Universal Indicator turns orange when placed in a solution of any acid.
IV When acids react with metals, hydrogen ions gain electrons.
Which statements about acids are correct?
2024 SMSS O Sec3 P1 Q11
BNO2−[1]
x + 2(−2) = −1, so x = +3.
NO2 is +4, NH4+ is −3 and N2O is +1.
Bthe acid and carbonate[1]
An acid reacting with a carbonate: calcium stays +2, carbon +4, oxygen −2, hydrogen +1 and chlorine −1.
Each of the others has an element uncombined on one side, so its oxidation state changes.
AThe gas is an oxidising agent.[1]
Iodide ions lose electrons to form iodine, so they are oxidised.
The gas takes those electrons, so it is an oxidising agent.
Bchlorine with sodium hydroxide[1]
Chlorine goes from 0 to −1 in NaCl and to +1 in NaClO.
In A two different elements change, C is ordinary redox and D is not redox.
A2.0 × 10−4[1]
Each MnO4− takes 5 electrons and each Fe2+ gives 1, so MnO4− : Fe2+ = 1 : 5.
1.0 × 10−3 ÷ 5 = 2.0 × 10−4 mol. Option D multiplies instead of dividing.
Na → Na+ + e− and Cl2 + 2e− → 2Cl−[1]
Sodium, because it loses electrons.[1]
Copper(II) oxide, because it loses oxygen.[1]
+6[1]
+2[1]
−1, because NaH is a metal hydride[1]
+5[1]
Not redox: nitrogen stays −3 and +5.[1]
Not redox: copper stays +2, carbon +4 and oxygen −2.[1]
Redox: nitrogen falls from +5 to +4 and some oxygen rises from −2 to 0.[1]
Sulfur dioxide is a reducing agent.
Potassium manganate(VII) and potassium dichromate(VI) are oxidising agents, and both are reduced.[2]
2Fe3+ + 2I− → 2Fe2+ + I2[1]
Cr2O72− + 14H+ + 6e− → 2Cr3+ + 7H2O and Fe2+ → Fe3+ + e− (× 6)
Cr2O72− + 6Fe2+ + 14H+ → 2Cr3+ + 6Fe3+ + 7H2O[2]
nNH₂OH = 2.50 × 10−3 mol and nMn³⁺ = 5.00 × 10−3 mol, each Mn3+ gaining 1 electron.
So each N loses 2 electrons: −1 + 2 = +1[2]
Yes.
Nitrogen is +4 in NO2, and goes up to +5 in HNO3 and down to +3 in HNO2.[2]
nMnO₄⁻ = 4.000 × 10−4 mol. MnO4− + 5Fe2+, so nFe²⁺ = 2.000 × 10−3 mol
c = 2.000 × 10−3 ÷ 0.0250 = 0.0800 mol dm−3[2]
nCr₂O₇²⁻ = 5.100 × 10−4 mol, so nFe²⁺ = 3.060 × 10−3 mol in 25.0 cm3
0.03060 mol in 250 cm3, so Mr = 12.0 ÷ 0.03060 = 392.2
284.0 + 18.0x = 392.2, so x = 6[3]
DHNO3[1]
In HNO3: +1 + x + 3(−2) = 0, so x = +5.
NO2 and N2O4 are +4 and NH4+ is −3.
ANF3[1]
In HNO2 nitrogen is +3. In NF3 each F is −1, so nitrogen is also +3.
NH4+ is −3, NO is +2 and NO2+ is +5.
Brow B[1]
In CaSO4: +2 + x + 4(−2) = 0, so sulfur is +6.
Nitrogen in HNO3 is +5, iron in FeO is +2 and carbon in NaHCO3 is +4.
BK2SO3[1]
Sulfur is +4 in SO2. In K2SO3: 2(+1) + x + 3(−2) = 0, so x = +4.
H2SO4 is +6, Na2S is −2 and Na2S2O3 is +2.
Dno change[1]
In FeTiO3 iron is +2 (iron(II)), so +2 + x + 3(−2) = 0 gives titanium +4.
In TiO2 titanium is also +4.
Bthe oxide with hydrochloric acid[1]
Iron is +3 in Fe2O3 and +3 in FeCl3: an acid–base reaction.
In A, C and D iron changes between 0, +2 and +3.
Amagnesium with the acid[1]
Magnesium rises from 0 to +2 and hydrogen falls from +1 to 0.
B, C and D are acid–base reactions with no change in oxidation state.
DSO3 + H2O[1]
Sulfur is +6 in SO3 and in H2SO4, and no other oxidation state changes.
A, B and C each have an element whose oxidation state changes.
D3 and 4 only[1]
Each Fe2+ loses an electron, so it is oxidised, and Cl2 gains electrons to become Cl−, so it is reduced.
Chlorine is therefore the oxidising agent, not the reducing agent.
CCu loses electrons.[1]
Copper rises from 0 to +2, so it loses electrons.
Nitrogen falls from +5 to +4 in NO2, so HNO3 is the oxidising agent. Nitrogen in nitrate is +5, and oxygen stays −2.
AEthanol has been oxidised.[1]
Decolourising acidified manganate(VII) shows a reducing agent: manganate(VII) is reduced.
So ethanol is the reducing agent and is itself oxidised.
Brow B[1]
Manganese falls from +7 to +2, so MnO4− is reduced.
Sulfur rises from +4 to +6, so SO32− is oxidised: it is the reducing agent. H+ does not change.
DMnO4− to Mn2+[1]
Manganese falls from +7 to +2: reduction, purple to colourless.
A is not redox, and in B and C iodine and iron are oxidised.
Drow D[1]
Cl2 is an element, 0. In HCl chlorine is −1.
In HClO: +1 + x − 2 = 0, so chlorine is +1. Chlorine disproportionates.
Bchlorine with sodium hydroxide[1]
Chlorine goes from 0 to −1 in NaCl and to +1 in NaOCl.
In A and D two different elements change, and C is not redox.
A1 only[1]
Brown iodine formed, so iodide ions were oxidised and X is an oxidising agent.
Any oxidising agent strong enough could do this, such as chlorine, and iodide is oxidised, not reduced.
BI and IV only[1]
pH measures the H+ concentration, and with a metal each H+ gains an electron (it is reduced to hydrogen).
Strength is how far an acid ionises, not its concentration, and a strong acid turns Universal Indicator red, not orange.